Spermicides are barrier contraceptives that work by killing sperm or by providing a barrier between the sperm and the uterus. They're available in most drugstores without a prescription. Spermicides come in several different forms, including foams, creams, jellies, suppositories, and dissolvable film. Before intercourse, the spermicide must be inserted into the upper part of the vagina. Timing varies by product, but most should be inserted at least ten to fifteen minutes prior to intercourse. One exception is foams, which are usually effective immediately. However, spermicides generally last for no more than an hour, so another application of spermicide should be used each hour. A spermicide's rate of effectiveness varies from 70 percent to over 90 percent, depending on how much of the product is used, the timing of insertion, and how well instructions are followed. Spermicide's effectiveness is greatly increased when used with an additional barrier method like a condom. Another barrier method previously available was the vaginal sponge. However, the sponge was taken off the market in the U.S., because it was too expensive to produce in compliance with government regulations. For more information on spermicides, contact a health care professional.
